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This study used CRISPR technology to introduce biallelic frameshift mutations in RAR alpaha, RAR beta, and RAR gamma, thereby abrogating all RAR functions in murine embryonic stem cells. RAR-null cells display no changes in transcripts in response to All-trans-retinoic acid (RA), demonstrating that the RARs are essential for the regulation of all transcripts in murine embryonic stem cells in response to RA.
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RARalpha and RARgamma reciprocally control K5(+) progenitor cell proliferation and distribution in the developing submandibular salivary epithelium in a cell cycle-dependent manner while regulating lumenization independently of keratinizing differentiation
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these studies show that RARgamma is a regulator of B and T lymphopoiesis
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the reprogramming of epiblast stem cells into embryonic stem cell-like cells also requires low levels of retinoic acid (RA), which can modulate Wnt signalling through physical interactions of RARs with beta-catenin.
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Data show that retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARgamma)-proto-oncogene protein c-fos (c-Fos)-PPARgamma2 (PPARgamma2) signaling rather than reactive oxygen species generation is critical for all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-inhibited adipocyte differentiation.
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RARgamma plays key roles in the differentiation competence of NGN3+ cells in response to retinoic acid during mouse spermatogenesis.
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The results indicate a physiological role for RARgamma as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis in vivo and in vitro, and reveal distinct influences of RARalpha and RARgamma in bone structure regulation.
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this study shows that the combination of Rarg and Nr5a2 rapidly promote the iN cell maturation within 1 week and greatly facilitate the conversion with neuronal purities of approximately 50% and yields of >130%.
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Data indicate that all three retinoic acid receptor isoforms RARalha, RARbeta and RARgamma are expressed in naive CD8+ T cells, as well as CD8+ T cells activated for 48 or 72 h.
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erythroid-specific RAR function is dispensable for erythropoiesis and RARgamma plays an erythroid extrinsic role in erythropoiesis.
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RARG plays an important role in the proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance of cholangiocarcinoma through simultaneous activation of the Akt/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways.
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Data indicate that male germ cell specific miR-34c might be pivotal in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation into male germ cells through its target retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARg).
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RARG cell-autonomously transduces, in undifferentiated spermatogonia of adult testes, a RA signal critical for spermatogenesis.
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RARalpha and RARgamma are present in pluripotent and differentiating mEC and mES cells and suggest that the expression of these proteins is dynamic.
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findings demonstrate that signaling through RARs has critical roles in molecular reprogramming and that the synergistic interaction between Rarg and Lrh1 directs reprogramming toward ground-state pluripotency
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Data show that RARgamma is required for deposition of H2A.Z and Suz12 at RA target genes, and that in embryonic stem cells both RARgamma and Suz12 exist in a multi-protein complex in the absence of ligand.
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In the absence of retinoic acid (RA), vinexinbeta does not occupy RARgamma target gene promoters and sequesters nonphosphorylated RARgamma out of promoters
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RARgamma regulates CB(1)R expression and is thus involved in the control of hepatic fat metabolism by endocannabinoids
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data provide genetic evidence to clarify the roles of both RA and CYP26B1 in limb outgrowth and proximo-distal patterning
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Overexpression of retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARgamma) strongly inhibited Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
