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the expression of APLNR (APJ/AGTRL1), the only known receptor for apelin, is predominantly restricted to the endothelial cells.
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apelin effects on dynamic mechanical characteristics of single ventricular cardiomyocytes
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Study shows that apelin-13 ameliorates chronic normobaric hypoxia-induced anxiety-like behavior in mice. Anxiolytic effects of apelin-13 might be associated with an inhibition of NF-kappaB and microglial activation in the hippocampus.
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Results revealed that apelin-13 attenuated brain edema and reduced cellular death by suppressing apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.
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Apelin-36-[L28C(30kDa-PEG)] provides a starting point for the development of diabetes therapeutics that are devoid of the blood pressure effects associated with canonical APJ activation
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miR-503 promotes cardiac fibrosis via miR-503-Apelin-13-TGF-beta-CTGF-collagen production pathway.
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Apelin directly interferes with thrombin-mediated signaling pathways and platelet activation, secretion, and aggregation, but not with ADP and thromboxane A2-mediated pathways.
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Apelin regulates inflammatory response, diminishes inflammatory remote organ damage and improves survival in an experimental model of burn sepsis, which is at least partly mediated by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B dependent pathway.
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apelin is a potential activator of inflammation factors through the PI3K/Akt and Erk signaling pathway and is potential therapeutically relevant to inflammatory responses of microglia cells
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we showed the effect of Apelin on RAW264.7 macrophage under normal and hypoxic condition, which could further influence the angiogenesis and inflammation process that promoted by macrophages.
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PDL- and Cer-induced CP resulted in increased production of the pancreatic BMP2, apelin, and PTHrP signaling systems and that significant cross talk occurred among pancreatic BMP2, apelin, and PTHrP
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Therapeutic potential of apelin to prevent myocardial metabolic abnormalities in heart failure paired with obesity.
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Data suggest that CTRP3 (cartducin) up-regulates expression and secretion of adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and apelin) in adipocytes; these responses to CTRP3 are down-regulated by insulin resistance or inhibition of AMPK signaling.
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apelin is produced by arterial endothelial cells (ECs) during embryogenesis, induces chemotaxis of venous ECs, and promotes the production of secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 by apelin receptor(+) ECs
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Findings demonstrate a stimulatory role for the islet cell apelin-APJ signaling axis in regulation of pancreatic islet homeostasis and in metabolic induced beta-cell hyperplasia.
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Apelin enhances not only the differentiation and metabolic activity of brown adipocytes but also the browning of white adipocytes.
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for the first time, our results indicate that apelin-13 blocks STM formation and LTM consolidation in novel object recognition task.
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Apelin-13 decreases lipid storage in hypertrophic adipocytes in vitro through the upregulation of AQP7 expression by the PI3K signaling pathway.
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Hypothalamic apelin is one master switch that participates in the onset of diabetes by directly acting on liver function.
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EPA increases apelin/APJ expression in muscle, apelin may act in a paracrine/autocrine manner to contribute to these benefical effects.
