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Angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE, is a central component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body. ACE inhibitors are of medical use as treatment of cardiovascular diseases...
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L'apoptose est un processus très réglé permettant à un organisme d'éliminer de façon organisée les cellules qui ne sont plus utiles. Il est initié soit par une catégorie spécifique de récepteurs de mort soit par des facteurs intrinsèques tels que des dommages à l'ADN. L'apoptose est principalement due à des protéases de caspase et régulée également par les protéines Bcl-2 et inhibitrices. La dérégulation de cette mort programmée de cellules est souvent associée au cancer.
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Autophagy is the regulated, self-degradative process of the cell that disassembles unnecessary or dysfunctional components. The lysosomal pathway is evolutionarily conserved and initiates engulfment, degradation and recycling of cellular contents including long-lived proteins and organelles thus promoting cell survival.
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Cell division unfolds in four stages - G1, S, G2, and M phase – depending on a number of internal or external signals. Progression through the different phases is driven by cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) and their activators, the cyclins. Additionally, their activity is further modulated by CDK inhibitors. Tight control of the cell cycle is essential to maintain proper cell homeostasis.
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Les microtubules sont des routes intracellulaires structurelles et fonctionnelles hautement dynamiques. Le terme cytosquelette évoque l'image d'une structure rigide, immuable et permanente. En réalité, le cytosquelette est un réseau interconnecté fortement dynamique constitué de trois différents composants principaux : les microtubules...
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Lipids are omnipresent in a multitude of vital cell processes. Cells use lipids to store energy, build membranes, signal within and between cells, sense the environment, covalently modify proteins, form specialized permeability barriers (e.g., in skin), and protect cells from highly reactive chemicals.
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Tout organisme est doté de différents mécanismes de réparation de l’ADN assurant l’intégrité de l’information génétique contenue dans le noyau de chaque cellule. L’importance cruciale que revêt le maintien de l’intégrité de l’ADN se reflète dans la multitude de voies de réparation de l’ADN et dans la diversité des protéines impliquées dans ces processus.
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La cascade de signaux Hedgehog (Hh) est l’un des éléments les plus importants de nombreux processus de développement. Ce sont les produits génétiques des gènes ciblés qui déterminent le caractère souche des cellules, leur renouvellement, leur survie et leur migration. Un dérèglement des protéines Hh et des effecteurs en aval joue un rôle important dans la progression des cancers.
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La phosphorylation est le processus réversible d'addition d'un groupe phosphate à un résidu spécifique d'acide aminé sur une molécule. Sur le plan fonctionnel, la phosphorylation agit comme un simple commutateur moléculaire qui peut activer, désactiver ou moduler la fonction d'une protéine.
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Les NF-kappaB (facteurs nucléaires améliorateurs de chaîne légère kappa de cellules B activées) sont un groupe de facteurs de transcription homo- ou hétérodimétriques qui jouent un rôle capital dans un réseau de nombreuses voies de transduction de signaux...
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La voie de signalisation Notch, bien conservée, est unique en son genre car le récepteur Notch et la plupart de ses ligands respectifs (canoniquement ceux de la famille DSL ou Delta/Serrate/LAG-2) sont des protéines transmembranaires fixées à la surface de la cellule. ...
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p53 est l'un des plus importants suppresseurs de tumeurs, appelé souvent « le Gardien de l'intégrité du génome ». On retrouve des mutations du p53 ou de certaines parties de son circuit de régulation dans presque tous les cancers, ce qui montre son importance. Il conserve la stabilité du génome en prévenant les mutations causées...
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La transduction de signal PI3K/Akt a un rôle charnière dans l’homéostasie cellulaire, le développement neurologique, le métabolisme et d’autres processus. Elle régule différents aspects du développement cellulaire comme l’apoptose, la progression du cycle cellulaire et la différenciation cellulaire. Le régulateur principal du signal PI3K/Akt est Akt/PKB, une famille de trois protéines kinases...
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Les récepteurs tyrosine kinase (RTK) sont des kinases liées à la membrane qui sont activées lorsque les ligands spécifiques aux récepteurs se lient. Ils constituent la plus grande classe de récepteurs de membrane qui provoquent des cascades de signalisation via leur activité enzymatique inhérente.
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Toll-like receptors play an essential in the innate immune response against various pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. TLRs elicit one of two conserved inflammatory pathways: either the TRIF- or the MyD88 dependent pathway. Besides, TLR signaling also induces dendritic cell maturation and the adaptive immune response.
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Wnts are a class of evolutionarily-conserved, lipid-modified glycoproteins that play a pivotal role in development and homeostasis through a number of different paracrine...
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La signalisation JAK-STAT est hautement conservée chez les vertébrés et même d’autres métazoaires. L’association de kinases activées par les récepteurs et de facteurs de...
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Le système du complément fait partie du système immunitaire inné, et il joue un rôle essentiel dans la défense...
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The T-Cell Receptor is a protein complex on the surface of T-cell responsible for antigen recognition. The activation induces a number of signaling cascades finally leading to the transcription of several gene products which allow the T cells to differentiate, proliferate and secrete a number of cytokines.
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The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response activated in eukaryotic cells in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen
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Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) constitute a sub-family of growth factors that stimulate the growth of new blood vessels. VEGFs are important signaling proteins and initiate angiogenesis via several signalling cascades.
Read MoreActivated T Cell Proliferation
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Read MoreActivation of Innate immune Response
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Read MoreAsymmetric Protein Localization
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Read MoreBrown Fat Cell Differentiation
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Read MoreC21-Steroid Hormone Metabolic Process
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Read MorecAMP Metabolic Process
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Read MoreCarbohydrate Homeostasis
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Read MoreCaspase Cascade in Apoptosis
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Read MoreCell RedoxHomeostasis
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Read MoreCell-Cell Junction Organization
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Read MoreCellular Glucan Metabolic Process
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Read MoreCellular Response to Molecule of Bacterial Origin
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Read MoreChromatin Binding
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Read MoreCXCR4-mediated Signaling Events
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Read MoreDicarboxylic Acid Transport
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Read MoreDNA Replication
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Read MoreDopaminergic Neurogenesis
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Read MoreEGFR Downregulation
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Read MoreEGFR Signaling Pathway
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Read MoreEmbryonic Body Morphogenesis
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Read MoreER-Nucleus Signaling
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Read MoreFc-epsilon Receptor Signaling Pathway
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Read MoreFeeding Behaviour
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Read MoreG-protein mediated Events
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Read MoreGlycosaminoglycan Metabolic Process
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Read MoreGrowth Factor Binding
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Read MoreHormone Activity
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Read MoreHormone Transport
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Read MoreInositol Metabolic Process
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Read MoreIntegrin Complex
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Read MoreInteraction of EGFR with phospholipase C-gamma
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Read MoreIntracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor Signaling Pathway
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Read MoreMaintenance of Protein Location
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Read MoreMetabolism of Steroid Hormones and Vitamin D
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Read MoreMethionine Biosynthetic Process
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Read MoreMitotic G1-G1/S Phases
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Read MoreMonocarboxylic Acid Catabolic Process
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Read MoreMyometrial Relaxation and Contraction
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Read MoreNegative Regulation of Hormone Secretion
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Read MoreNegative Regulation of intrinsic apoptotic Signaling
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Read MoreNegative Regulation of Transporter Activity
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Read MoreNeurotrophin Signaling Pathway
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Read MoreNuclear Hormone Receptor Binding
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Read MoreNuclear Receptor Transcription Pathway
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Read MoreNucleotide Phosphorylation
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Read MorePeptide Hormone Metabolism
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Read MorePhototransduction
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Read MorePlatelet-derived growth Factor Receptor Signaling
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Read MorePositive Regulation of Endopeptidase Activity
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Read MorePositive Regulation of fat Cell Differentiation
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Read MorePositive Regulation of Immune Effector Process
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Read MorePositive Regulation of Peptide Hormone Secretion
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Read MorePositive Regulation of Response to DNA Damage Stimulus
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Read MoreProduction of Molecular Mediator of Immune Response
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Read MoreProtein targeting to Nucleus
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Read MoreProton Transport
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Read MoreRegulation of Actin Filament Polymerization
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Read MoreRegulation of Carbohydrate Metabolic Process
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Read MoreRegulation of Cell Size
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Read MoreRegulation of G-Protein Coupled Receptor Protein Signaling
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Read MoreRegulation of Hormone Biosynthetic Process
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Read MoreRegulation of Hormone Metabolic Process
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Read MoreRegulation of Intracellular Steroid Hormone Receptor Signaling
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Read MoreRegulation of Leukocyte Mediated Immunity
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Read MoreRegulation of Lipid Metabolism by PPARalpha
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Read MoreRegulation of long-term Neuronal Synaptic Plasticity
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Read MoreRegulation of Muscle Cell Differentiation
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Read MoreRegulation of Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure by Hormones
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Read MoreRegulatory RNA Pathways
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Read MoreResponse to Growth Hormone Stimulus
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Read MoreResponse to Water Deprivation
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Read MoreRetinoic Acid Receptor Signaling Pathway
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Read MoreRibonucleoprotein Complex Subunit Organization
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Read MoreRibonucleoside Biosynthetic Process
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Read MoreRibosome Assembly
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Read MoreSensory Perception of Sound
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Read MoreSignaling Events mediated by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2
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Read MoreSignaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor
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Read MoreSkeletal Muscle Fiber Development
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Read MoreSmooth Muscle Cell Migration
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Read MoreStem Cell Maintenance
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Read MoreSteroid Hormone Biosynthesis
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Read MoreSteroid Hormone Mediated Signaling Pathway
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Read MoreSynaptic Membrane
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Read MoreSynaptic Vesicle Exocytosis
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Read MoreThromboxane A2 Receptor Signaling
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Read MoreThyroid Hormone Synthesis
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Read MoreToll-Like Receptors Cascades
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Read MoreTransition Metal Ion Homeostasis
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Read MoreVEGFR1 Specific Signals
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